Friday, December 21, 2007

The Long Sentence

The following is from Virginia Woolf's essay "On Being Ill":

Considering how common illness is, how tremendous the spiritual change that it brings, how astonishing, when the lights of health go down, the undiscovered countries that are then disclosed, what wastes and deserts of the soul a slight attack of influenza brings to view, what precipices and lawns sprinkled with bright flowers a little rise of temperature reveals, what ancient and obdurate oaks are uprooted in us by the act of sickness, how we go down into the pit of death and feel the waters of annihilation close above our heads and wake thinking to find ourselves in the presence of the angels and the harpers when we have a tooth out and come to the surface in the dentist's arm-chair and confuse his "Rinse the mouth—rinse the mouth" with the greeting of the Deity stooping from the floor of Heavens to welcome—when we think of this, as we are so frequently forced to think of it, it becomes strange indeed that illness has not taken its place with love and battle and jealousy among the prime themes of literature.

The preceding is a 181 word sentence. Most writers would never dare such a feat, but somehow Woolf makes it readable. Francine Prose discusses this sentence in her book Reading Like a Writer in the chapter called "Sentences." She says Woolf's use of grammar makes it "perfectly comprehensible, graceful, witty, intelligent, and pleasurable" to read.

Prose questions why "beginning writers seem to think that grammar is irrelevant" or that they think "they are somehow above or beyond this subject more fit for a schoolchild."

Assignment: Answer the following questions . . .
  • Is the long sentence above readable?
  • If so, how does grammar play its role?
  • How does Woolf use punctuation in the long sentence?
  • How important is grammar in creative writing?
  • Would you ever attempt to write a sentence like this?

Thursday, December 20, 2007

Colorful Verbs That Have More Impact

From Gary Provost's Make Your Words Work . . .

Assignment: Change these weak verbs into strong, colorful verbs that have more impact:
  1. Pulled quickly
  2. Picked up impulsively
  3. Wrote nervously
  4. Hit angrily
  5. Looked curiously
  6. Closed forcefully
  7. Departed quickly
  8. Stepped on callously
  9. Removed clothes slowly
  10. Held lovingly

Wednesday, December 19, 2007

First Sentences: Beginning in the Middle

To pull the reader into the story, the writer should try beginning the story in medias res, that is in the middle of things. Some inexperienced writers start off writing two or three pages of description. Instead, they would benefit by grabbing the reader's attention by using action or making a startling statement.

Assignment: In the book What If? Writing Exercises for Fiction Writers, the following exercise is offered:

". . . write five of your own opening lines for five different stories. When you read, look for opening lines that immediately pull the reader into the story. And if you keep a journal or notebook, consider starting a new section and adding one first sentence a day—for the rest of your life."

Some sample first sentences:
  • Raymond Carver, "Cathedral": This blind man, an old friend of my wife's, he was on his way to spend the night.
  • Toni Cade Bambara, "Medley": I could tell the minute I got in the door and dropped my bag, I wasn't staying.
  • Joseph Maiolo, "Covering Home": Coach discovered Danny's arm when Danny's parents were splitting up at the beginning of the season.

The Action of a Sentence

In The Elements of Style, Strunk and White advise writers to concentrate on writing with verbs and nouns. These two parts of speech give "good writing its toughness and color."

The following exercise is from from Natalie Goldberg's Writing Down the Bones.

Assignment: Fold a sheet of paper in half. On the left side write ten specific nouns. Example:

lilacs
horse
mustache
cat
fiddle
muscles
dinosaur
seed
plug
video

Then, on the right side of the paper, list ten verbs the describe the actions of someone in a certain occupation. For example, if the occupation was a restaurant chef:

saute
chop
mince
slice
cut
heat
broil
taste
broil
bake
fry
marinate
whip
stir
scoop

Write five sentences, each using a noun from your first list and verbs from your second list. Play with combinations. Here are some examples:

  • Dinosaurs marinate in the earth.
  • The fiddles boiled the air with their music.
  • The lilacs sliced the sky into purple.